Abstract:

It is known, that the most appropriate raw material for a wide range of bitumen products as a whole, and for bitumen insulation materials (BIM) in particular, are the flux oils of heavy crude oils with naphthene-aromatic base, distinguished by high content of resinous-asphaltene materials (RAM) and low content of high-molecular paraffins. Due to output limitations of such kinds of oil, heavy petroleum residues (HPR) of paraffin and high-paraffin crude oils are often used. It shall be noted, that in production of high-melting special bitumens during high-temperature oxidation of residual stock, there emerge nonhydrocarbon compounds, insoluble in hot benzol - carbenes and carboids, as well as the compounds of paraffin-naphthene base, initially contained in crude oil. If considering HPR as a thermodynamic system of phases А, В and С, it is necessary to point out, that, based on molecular mobility and structural-dynamical parameters of phases, it is possible to assume the structure of their carbon components with much assurance. As a source raw mate-rial for oxidation process, structural-dynamical states of HPR were studied on relaxometer NMR at different temperature regimes.

Keywords: catalytic cracking, zeolite, catalyst, aluminosilicate, catalyst deactivation