Abstract:

This work presents a comprehensive overview of modern bituminous materials actively used in road construction. Special attention is paid to three main categories: bituminous emulsions, bituminous mastics, and adhesive rubber mastics. The review thoroughly examines: The composition of each material type, including main components (bitumen, water, emulsifiers, rubbers, fillers) and various modifying additives (polymers, nanoparticles, plasticizers) that allow achieving specific performance properties. Structural features, such as dispersion types for emulsions and the influence of particle size on their properties. Performance characteristics of the materials, including viscosity, adhesion, stability, softening point, elasticity, water absorption, durability, and applicability at various temperatures. Improvements in properties due to polymer and nanomodification are specifically highlighted. Requirements and standards governing the quality and application of these materials in road construction, with references to relevant GOST standards (GOST R 58952.1-2020) and a comparison with international norms (EN, ASTM). Production and application technologies, including preparation methods and specific usage in various road works. Areas of application, such as surface treatments, pothole repair, waterproofing, joint sealing, bonding of asphalt concrete layers, and fixing of geosynthetic materials. Promising directions for the development of each type of material, including the creation of "intelligent" mastics with self-healing effects, nanomodified compositions, and environmentally friendly solutions.

Keywords: bitumen emulsions, bitumen and adhesive rubber mastics, their composition, structure, properties, requirements, application and promising directions of development in road construction are described in detail.