Abstract:

this review article presents a comprehensive overview of chromatographic methods used for the analysis of crude oil components. Particular attention is paid to the development and application of gas chromatography (GC), liquid chromatography (LC), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) in the separation, identification, and quantification of hydrocarbons, resins, asphaltenes, and heteroorganic compounds. The article outlines the physicochemical principles of chromatographic separation, features of sample preparation, and specifications of detectors and columns used for complex petroleum matrices. Practical examples of chromatography application are examined, including crude oil fingerprinting, quality control of petroleum products, fraction stability evaluation, and the field of petroleomics—deep molecular analysis of heavy crude oils. The review emphasizes the role of chromatography as a key analytical tool in modern petroleum chemistry, contributing to the accuracy, selectivity, and scientific justification of technological solutions.

Keywords: crude oil, chromatography, gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, gel permeation chromatography, asphaltenes, resins, petroleomics, hydrocarbon analysis, quality control.