Резюме:

this article discusses the current topic of the interaction of microorganisms with hydrocarbon systems, which is becoming increasingly important in the context of sustainable development. The microbiome of oil reservoirs is a complex community of microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea, which are adapted to the extreme conditions of the deep layers of the earth (thermophilic bacteria are able to tolerate high temperatures up to +113 ° C, barophiles withstand the pressure is up to 700 atmospheres, halophiles live in saline solutions with a NaCl content of 25-30%, acidophiles and alkalophiles live under low and elevated pH conditions). Along with the indigenous cultures that existed in the oil reservoir long before anthropogenic influences, another microflora was formed, introduced by humans during oil extraction and water injection into the oil reservoir. The purpose of this review article is to study the complex community of microorganisms in oil reservoirs, including their species diversity, functions, and to assess the impact of human activity on its change using methods of analysis and systematization of scientific data on species, taxa, and habitat conditions (thermophiles, barophiles, halophiles, etc.). As a result of the analysis, the species diversity of the microbiome and key functions of microorganisms, such as the splitting of hydrocarbons, the effect on geochemical processes and the ability to reduce the viscosity of oil, are described. The complexity of assessing the anthropogenic impact on changes in the microbiome of oil has also been established.

Keywords: microbiome, biological surfactants, oil viscosity, metabolic abilities, archaea

Fattakhov I.G. ², Andreeva T.E. ¹, Kurbanova G.G. ², Garipova A.A. ², Safarov A.Kh. ² OIL RESERVOIR MICROBIOME: COMPOSITION, FUNCTIONS AND ECOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE // Природные энергоносители и углеродные материалы & Natural energy sources and carbon materials. – 2025. – № 05;
URL: energy-sources.esrae.ru/143-357 (Date Access: 14.12.2025).

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