Abstract:

The protection of all compartments of the environment (water, soil, air) is of great interest for a normal way of life on Earth. The environment is systematically polluted by varying concentrations of organic, biological and industrial pollutants. In order to protect the environment, biological, chemical and physical methods of “in situ and ex situ” restoration have been developed. Most methods have limitations such as high cost, processing time, or environmental efficiency. In general, biological methods are the most environmentally friendly compared to chemical and physical methods. In addition, remediation is an extremely complex procedure due to the complexity of the pollutants. Thus, the use of physical, biological or chemical remediation methods is often necessary to combat contaminated environments. Accordingly, for more economical and effective control of the consequences, it is recommended to use such techniques that must correspond to the effectiveness and durability of cleaning. As usual, this review provides a brief analysis of physical, biological, and chemical remediation methods for all contaminated environmental sites. A critical review of current knowledge on environmental restoration through a search of relevant literature helps to assess the major issues and limitations encountered in environmental restoration and to develop recommendations and guidelines for future research.

Keywords: water reclamation, soil reclamation, air reclamation, environmental pollution, Environmental pollutants