Abstract:

In this paper, the process of isomerization of hydrocarbon raw materials is considered. The purpose of isomerization processes in oil refining is to increase the octane number of petroleum fractions by converting paraffins of normal structure into their isomers having a higher octane number. The raw materials of the isomerization process are light straight–run fractions, the products are isomerizate, which is sent for mixing with reforming and catalytic cracking catalysts. The isomerization process contains a mixture of low-boiling high-octane paraffin hydrocarbons, when compounded with reformat reduces the proportion of aromatic hydrocarbons (including benzene), increases the octane characteristic of the light part of gasoline, improves the fractional composition of commercial gasoline. The paper considers the technological foundations of the catalytic isomerization process. The task of mastering the material of the textbook is to study the physico-chemical essence and theory of typical (basic) processes of catalytic isomerization, the principles of selection and calculation of devices designed to carry out the process of catalytic isomerization. The purpose of mastering the material of the textbook: to know the basic laws of the catalytic isomerization process and the principles of their modeling, to learn general approaches to the selection and calculation of devices for this process, to be able to make these calculations using experimental and reference data, to have practical skills with typical devices of the catalytic isomerization process. Mastering the science of processes and devices of oil and gas industries allows you to solve the following tasks: a) during the operation of existing production facilities: to choose the best (optimal) technological modes; to achieve high productivity of devices; to improve product quality; to successfully solve environmental problems; b) when designing new production facilities: apply computational methods of transition from "glass" to "metal"; develop highly efficient and low-waste technological schemes; choose the most rational types of devices; c) in production: it is technologically correct and scientifically justified to calculate the selected devices using modern computing tools; to develop fundamentally new methods for calculating processes and devices of oil and gas industries; d) when conducting research: to study the main factors determining the course of the process; to obtain generalized dependencies for their calculation; to quickly implement the results of laboratory research into production.

Keywords: light straight-run fractions, a mixture of low-boiling high-octane paraffin hydrocarbons, reformat, isomerization, catalysts, aromatic hydrocarbons, process diagrams, operation of isomerization plants, the technological process of the n-butane isomerization plant and a mixture of n-butane and isobutane